<1911年之前的中文唱片进展>翻译手记之一|序言

(2008-05-08 12:05:51)

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【临淇小楔：正月初九夜,巧于外网偶遇DU先生英语原文,未及通篇,便得了三重惊喜：一者,所列片芯标签,许多闻所未闻。诸如响九霄之金马门,诸如高翠娥之捉放;二者,所列唱片公司,许多闻所未闻。译名福瑞特,索诺风,伯林纳之类,确乃平生首次听到,毫不为枯学讳言。利乐早已听说,只是苦于未见片芯,今见小子和之六月雪,可算惊喜中之惊喜。其三,考证灌片之年代,更属闻所未闻。DU先生侨居国外,身为CAPS成员,所见资料实物甚丰,故考证唱片年代,多具体到月,亦有个别到某年某月某日。有些早期知名公司之年代考证,与国内专家大相径庭。试举一例,1897年倍克黄龙版2201鑫福班之取成都,早已被定论为中国唱片始祖。若按DU先生此文推断,当为1906年3月的录音,始祖之位不保矣。但年代考证,各有所凭,吾未见实物之前,亦不敢擅下论断。

我本晚辈,常谈京剧唱片,也不过自逍自遥,排遣而已。前见系统介绍早期唱片之文章,只有李先生的<清末中国唱片研究及收藏>,惜个别介绍一略而过, 有食蔗不甘之感觉。故见DU先生此文,犹若大旱之望云霓也,发自肺腑,绝无过誉。文章如此之妙,可惜系外文写成,于推广无益。临淇后学凭四级之水平,借平素闲暇之优势,断断续续,终于译毕。愿挂于博客之中,连载几日,以待评批。若有极不妥处,皆为翻译不佳之故,非DO先生之过耳。后待王师注。】

The Development of Chinese Records to 1911

by Du Jun Min

1911年之前的中文唱片【临淇按：含蜡筒】进展

临淇轩译

原文：

In the first decade of the 20th century, on the eve of a regime change in China from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China (1912-1949), almost all of the world's leading record companies came to China and Hong Kong for recording business. Even though very few records made during this period have survived, we are still able to outline clearly the history and development of the early recording industry in China.

When we talk about the birth of the record market in China, we must mention in particular one person and one disc. This person was a Frenchman named E. Labansat who launched the initial sales of records in China by playing his own disc, titled "JOYEUX RIRES" (a laughing record), to the public on the streets of Shanghai. He set up an outdoor stall on Tibet Road to play this record, and said that "anyone who is able to resist laughing when hearing this record does not need to pay fees, otherwise, a 10 cents coin need to pay". Without exception, this disc has become the first milestone in the history of Chinese records. Nowadays, many Chinese people older than 60 are still able to remember this remarkable record. Its name was translated into Chinese as "Yang Ren Da Xiao", or "Five People Laughing", which means "Laughing Foreigners". Bearing catalogue number 32606, it was first issued on the French Pathé label as an 11.5" vertical-cut record with an etched label . Around 1918 or 1919, and for many years after that, it was issued in the same format but with a Chinese paper label, Yang Ren Da Xiao . Some ten years later it was re-issued in a lateral-cut format, 10 inches in size, with a new, Chinese paper label, Yang Ren Da Xiao, in a variety of blue, orange and black colors. Pathé sold its records in China through its office in Shanghai. Some years later they set up their own factory in Shanghai and became the most important and biggest record factory in China until RCA built its factory in Shanghai at the beginning of 1930 and became Pathé's strongest competitor.

译文：

20世纪的头十年，当时的中国正处于清末民初政体变革的前夕，差不多所有的世界知名唱片公司纷纷来到中国大陆和香港，开展他们的灌音业务。如今在这期间灌制的唱片幸存可见的寥若晨星，但是我们依然能够通过研究相关实物资料来重现这段历史，并能较清晰地描绘出中国早期灌音工业发展的轮廓。

当我们谈论到中国灌音市场的萌芽，就必须着重说到一个人和一张唱片。他叫乐浜生（E. Labansat）【临淇按：也有译作“拉班萨”或“那巴锡”】。通过在上海街头播放他自己的唱片“JOYEUX RIRES”（一种玩笑片），这个法国人人将最初的灌音贸易投向中国市场，打开了中国唱片市场大门。他在西藏路上露天地里播放唱片，广告词云：“十文钱即可听一次洋人大笑，使你忍俊不禁，为之捧腹。凡听而不笑者，分文不取”。毫无疑问，这种唱片已经成为中国灌音历史的里程碑。如今，年过60的中国人依然记得这种非凡的唱片。片名被译作“洋人大笑”或“五人大笑”，其实意思就是“发笑的外国人”。法国百代公司首版过11.5吋【临淇按：常作12吋】纵向解读唱片，编号32606，有一个蚀刻的标签（图1）。多年后的1918或1919年，此公司又出版了一种相同版式的唱片，不过换成了中文纸质标签，标明“洋人大笑”（图2）。近十年之后，它被翻版成10吋、横向解读模式，标签依然是“洋人大笑”。片芯的颜色有蓝色（图3）、橘红和黑色（图4）的。百代公司在中国销售唱片的业务是通过它在上海的办事处。几年后，百代在上海正式建厂【临淇按：有文章显示，1914年或1915年，乐浜生买下徐家汇谨记桥徐家汇路1434号地皮，建立东方百代唱片公司新厂房，于1917年落成，以“雄鸡”为商标生产唱片】，并成为当时在中国最强大的唱片生产企业。这种状况持续到二十世纪三十年代初，直到他的强大竞争者--RCA（胜利）公司也在上海成立自己的唱片加工厂【临淇按：有资料显示，1932年，上海胜利唱片公司在平凉路1890号建厂】。

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G&T

The earliest discs recorded in Chinese territory were by Fred Gaisberg for The Gramophone & Typewriter Company Limited between March 18th and April 26th, 1903. A total of 476 records, titled in Chinese, were listed in its 1904 Chinese catalogue. Three hundred and twenty-nine Mandarin dialect records were recorded in Shanghai and one hundred and forty-seven Cantonese dialect records were recorded in Hong Kong. These discs were issued in 7" and 10" sizes with the "Recording Angel" trademark on the reverse. Matrix numbers E429 to E618 were used for 190 10" records and E1503 to E1788 for 286 7" records. According to the agreement made between The Gramophone & Typewriter Company and the Victor Talking Machine Company on August 3, 1904, some of these records were first re-issued by Victor in America in 1904. These reissues carry "Velly Good Talkee" trade marks on a label depicting a Chinaman listening to a Gramophone. The earliest issues of this label were cream-white in color; later issues appeared in a yellow color.

Fred Gaisberg's recordings and trips to China were arranged by Moutrie & Co., a British Company originally established in 1875 that began commercial business in gramophones and records in Shanghai in early 1906. Moutrie & Co. later became the first and exclusive sales agent for Victor's gramophones and records for the entire Chinese market. Its Chinese name, "MOUDELI", has long appeared on the labels of early Victor records. In 1925-26 its Chinese factory was set up in Shanghai to produce pianos and organs.

译文：

克莱姆峰（G&T）【临淇按：此为通用之音译，或称作“季莱姆峰”，意译则为“留声机公司”；因唱片背面标注压片地点为德国汉诺威(Reproduced In Hanover)，中国艺术研究院曾译为“德商”】

1903年3月18日至4月26日，弗雷德·盖斯伯格（Fred Gaisberg）为克来姆峰留声机有限公司（The Gramophone & Typewriter Company Limited）的中国之行可称为中国本土最早的唱片灌音记录。我们在1904年此公司的中国目录里【临淇按：即经常被提及的《留声机公司中国唱片目录》】，可以统计出被冠以中文字样的唱片476种。其中包括录制于上海的国语唱片（包括京调和少量昆曲）329种【临淇按：一说325面，灌制时间为1903年3月18日至3月27日】和录制于香港的粤语唱片147种【临淇按：一说145面，灌制时间为1903年4月23日至4月27日】。这批唱片被出版成7吋或10吋规格的【临淇按：亦有12吋唱片，如白文奎之<空城计>，当为再版之物】，背面是“录音小天使” "Recording Angel"商标【临淇按：亦称仙骇、仙孩】。（图1）其中被制成10吋片的版号从E429到E618共190种（图2）；被制成7吋片的版号从E1503至E1788共286种。由于克来姆峰公司和胜利者公司（Victor Talking Machine Company）于1904年8月3日达成的协议，这批录音也有一部分被胜利公司于1904年在美国首次再版。再版片标着"Velly Good Talkee"的商标。其中描绘了一位中国人正在聆听着一台留声机里传出的声音。此种标签最早是乳白色的，不久后就出版为黄色了。（图3）【临淇按：此次交流模版的协议确有实物作证凭①据王师讲，白文奎的VICTOR单面片<乌盆记>反面是小天使商标②孙菊仙的<四盘山>，两公司均有出版③近日凤点头兄所上传的“汪桂芬”的<鱼藏剑>，演唱音色与录音背景与克莱姆峰之“汪桂芬”<骂曹>无异，且时间长度只有二分二十二秒，当为7吋片之故】

谋得利公司“Moutrie & Co”安排了弗雷德·盖斯伯格（Fred Gaisberg）的中国灌音旅程，这个英国公司建立于1875年【临淇按：一说1850年】， 并于1906年初在上海开展留声机和唱片的商业活动。不久后，谋得利公司又成为胜利者公司（Victor）在整个中国市场针对留声机和唱片销售业务的独家代理商。“Moutrie & Co”译为“谋得利”，它在早期的胜利唱片的片芯标签上出现过很长时间。另外说一句，谋得利在1925年至1926年期间成立了自己的中国公司，主要生产钢琴和风琴等。

【临淇按：以下引用鍾寶賢先生的文章《百年前的香港采風》里的记载

“一九○三年三月，蓋斯堡從日本神戶乘船抵滬，以當地酒店一房間作臨時錄音室，以每張四元作酬金，聘孫菊仙、汪桂芬等名伶灌錄唱片，而由孫菊仙錄音所印製成的唱片《捉放曹》更被視為中國唱片業的肇端。但蓋斯堡明顯不太仰慕京曲的演唱風格，他在日記中寫道：「三月十八日，星期三，我們灌錄首批唱片。連同樂師約十五名中國人到來，其中一人灌唱時，出盡了全身力氣來嘶叫……兩曲過後，他的喉嚨已沙啞……音樂像是拚命的敲鑼打鼓」。

一個月後，蓋斯堡從上海南下香港，他駐港四天，在日記記下：「四月二十三日，星期四，我們灌錄了三十五張唱片。這次的灌曲者較上海的低級，也比較骯髒。唱曲方面，上海的也有趣得多。二十四日灌片四十五張。二十五日灌片四十五張。二十七日灌片二十張，下午三時，收拾行裝，封箱妥當，隨時拔隊起程。」他所灌錄的究竟是什麽？在現存的謀得利唱片目錄中，我們找到端倪。這次灌錄的包括了不少粵劇名曲，如「大排場十八本」中的《辨才釋妖》、《下南唐》、《打雁尋父》，傳統「八大曲」的《東坡訪友》、《魯智深出家》、《附薦何文秀》和《數八仙》，其他名曲有《沙灘會》、《梁武帝出家》、《斬四門》等。

”】

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Victor

The earliest disc records made for Chinese people were made between August 1902 and May 1903 by the early Chinese Colony in America and issued by Victor in the United States. These records appeared in a Monarch 10" series, 164 records of 32 Chinese titles . They were sold basically to the Chinese Colony in North America, so are rarely seen in China and Chinese society in Southeast Asia. This series was originally numbered in different blocks between 1557 and 2371, then renumbered in 1903 from 7160 to 7323. A second lot of similar Chinese records was made just 3 months later, in August, with 59 records of 6 Chinese titles, numbered from 7101 to 7159. Their labels were identical to the earlier Monarchs. Two sessions recorded 223 records of 38 titles. Some copies of later issues from my collection indicate that these earliest Monarch Records were re-issued in 1904 with the yellow "Velly Good Talkee" trade mark label.

Victor's first discs recorded within Chinese territory were in Shanghai in the first half of 1905 . Their labels appeared in a 7324- 8299 series and show different colors such as orange, green, silver, and later light blue, etc. They were later re-issued in the period from 1907 to 1909 with different Chinese names such as "Yì Cuò" and "Wù Kè Duo", which was a Chinese translation of 'Victor' by people who spoke different Chinese dialects.

译文：

胜利者（Victor）

最早专门为中国人灌制的圆盘唱片制于1902年8月到1903年5月之间，由侨居在美国的华人灌制，美国胜利者（Victor）公司出版。这些唱片可见于蒙纳克（Monarch）10吋系列，包括了32种中文标题的164种唱片（图1）。他们基本上被卖给了在北美的华侨，所以在中国和南亚的华人圈子里极少见到。本系列起初的编号夹杂在1557-2371之间，后于1903年重编为7160-7323（图2）。【临淇按:这是译者曾见到的一张无名氏的“MONARCH”10吋单面唱片“释妖其五”，片号7302E，其背面的“NOTICE”下标时间为1904年，说明重编版一直延续到04年还有发行】三个月后的八月份，又灌制了第二批类似的中国唱片，包括6种中文标签的59种唱片，编号从7101到7159，其片芯标签和早些的蒙纳克（Monarch）唱片相似（两期总共记录了38种标题的223种唱片）。本人从收集到的一些实物唱片中推断，这些蒙纳克Monarch唱片在1904年被复制标作黄色“Velly Good Talkee”商标（图3）。

胜利者（Victor）公司在中国本土的首次灌片记录是在1905年前半年，地点在上海。这批唱片编号从7324至8299。片芯标签颜色各异，有橘红的（图4），绿色的（图5），银白色（图6）和晚些的浅蓝色的等等。之后的1907到1909年之间它们被再版多次，不过中文名字换成了是役挫（图7）或物克多（图8）种种，这是因操不同方言的中国人音译时造成的。

【临淇按：杜军民先生在留声阁论坛里曾对VICTOR唱片有过说明：“胜利”的首批国内录音，根据唱片本身的特征和背面的信息判断，10英寸的7324-8299系列，推测应与12英寸的9100-9234系列是同期录制的】

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小结：
【1】1902年8月到1903年5月

1557-2371

重编为 7160-7323。
【2】1903年8月












7101-7159

【3】1905年前半年









7324-8299

与 9100-9234 同期

Columbia

As early as 1903, Columbia also recorded some Chinese records which were issued in a 1260- 1350 series. I have seen more than 17 surviving copies in this series. All of the titles are of Cantonese Opera. According to Tim Brooks' book "The Columbia Master Book Discography Volume I", they were made in Shanghai in early 1903 . From physical features on different labels and actual discs in this series, I believe they were re-issued at least two times after their first issues. A copy of Columbia's Chinese record 1037 survived in excellent condition and seems a little earlier than those in 1260-1350 series .

By 1906, Columbia had made more than 1000 records in China and these recordings were issued in a 1000, 15000, 57000, and a 60000 series, with labels designed in different styles. For example, Dragon label in red color, American stars and stripes flag and Chinese Qing-Dynasty's dragon flag label, Columbia Concert Record with Lion label, and so on. They are all single-sided records. Columbia's record sales in China were through its early agent named J. ULLMANN & Co. from France in the period from 1905 to 1908 and later through its new agent named MUSTARD & Co., after 1908 . On its earlier record label up to 1905, and on its later label depicting a Chinese golden dragon on a red and green background, there is no mention of an agent in China.

译文：

哥伦比亚（COLUNBIA）【临淇按：台湾译为“古伦美亚”。或混译为“克伦缏”，实不知所由；因为老晋隆洋行确发行过“克伦便”、“克纶便”的唱片，但注者未见“克伦缏”唱片；况且“克纶便”并不能完全代表“哥伦比亚”】

早在1903年，哥伦比亚（COLUNBIA）公司也灌制了一批中文唱片，此系列的编号从1260至1350。我曾经见过此系列不下17种幸存的实物，标题均是粤剧的。按照蒂姆布鲁克斯（Tim Brooks）的书中《哥伦比亚主要唱片分类第一卷》（“The Columbia Master Book Discography Volume I”）记载，这些唱片录制于1903年早期，录制地点在上海（图1）。从本系列不同的片芯标签和现存唱片所反映出的特点来看，本人以为首版之后被至少翻版过两次。可见的一种保存完好的标号为1037的哥伦比亚中国唱片看起来可能比1260-1350系列还略早一些（图2）。

1906年，哥伦比亚公司在中国灌制了过千种的唱片，分别是1000【临淇按：应除去1260-1350系列，译者未见实物】，15000，57000【临淇按：尚有58000系列，如58020小寿仙之“取帅印”】和一种60000系列，片芯标签也风格各异：有红色龙的，星条龙旗的（图3），还有带有狮子的“Columbia Concert Record”标签（图4）等等，都是单面唱片。哥伦比亚（COLUNBIA）公司在中国的代理洋行有两个：前期1905年-1908年是法国乌利文公司“J. ULLMANN & Co.” （图5），1908年之后的代理商换作了老晋隆洋行“MUSTARD & Co.” 。（图6）【临淇按：尚有“青岛德基洋行”，系在“乌利文洋行”加标签制得（图7）】从直到1905年的早期片芯和晚些被设计成红色（图8）或者绿色背景（图9）的金龙片芯反映的信息里，一直没有涉及到中国代理商。

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Beka, Favorite, Odeon

Some famous record companies from Europe were also making Chinese records in Shanghai and Hong Kong by early 1906. The German company, Beka, arrived in Hong Kong on Feb. 18th and Shanghai on March 12th, 1906 and issued more than 500 records in a 19xx to 24xx block . Favorite, another German company, issued records in 1910, according to date information on its label. There is no information when they began recording activities in China, and their labels suggest very limited issue .

Variant labels from different actual discs indicate that they were either later re-issued or first issued in more than one version. Odeon, in 1907, made double-sided, 11" Chinese records with a very special Chinese-styled label design . These were later re-issued in a similar design in different colors . Beka and Odeon sold their records in China through their sales agents among foreign and local companies.

译文：

倍克（Beka）【临淇按：1928年之后译为“蓓开”】，福瑞特（Favorite），高亭（Odeon）

1906年初期，一些欧洲的知名唱片公司也曾经在上海和香港灌过中文唱片。同年2月18日和3月12日，德国倍克公司就分别到达香港和上海（图1），出版发行了超过500余种的19xx—24xx系列中文唱片（图2、3、4）。另外一个德国公司福瑞特（Favorite），如果按照片芯标签的时间信息，于1910年发行出版过一批唱片（图5）。不过他们在中国灌音活动具体的时间我们无从知晓，毕竟片芯表露的信息也很有限。

从现存的不同种类的片芯来看，这些唱片或者后来被再版，或者首版时就已经发行了不下一种版本。高亭公司（Odeon）于1907年生产了11吋双面中文唱片，片芯的风格很中国化（图6）。这种风格延续到之后的再版片，只不过片芯颜色有了变化而已（图7、8）。倍克和高亭的唱片销售都是通过他们在中国的代理公司洋行或当地公司来实现的。【临淇按：根据1909年的BEKA唱片标本可知“立中洋行”曾代理过倍克唱片（图9），该洋行也是VICTOR公司的代理商之一（图10）】

【临淇再按：2008年6月18日，“大吉鸟”先生在留声阁论坛发表了“星月版”高亭唱片的图片（图11），杜军民先生评论曰“从唱片的目录号码考证，这种片心的唱片是最早录制的高亭中文唱片（号码小于利喴）。但“月牙+五星”是穆斯林的标志，因此推测这类唱片应是面向马来西亚或印尼的华人市场发行的。但无论如何是高亭中文唱片的最早版本”。此外尚有另外一种风格的高亭唱片（图12）】

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Lyrophon

Lyrophon is also a German company that made Chinese records. Their records, and those by Favorite, are very rare today. I can find little information about Lyrophon's early recording trips to China, except an ad dated August 1913 in "The Talking Machine News". The appearance of the 10" double-sided record referred to in the ad is very interesting. It has different colors on its two sides, and the catalogue numbers on each side are not continuous, so I doubt that this was a reissued copy from its previous version which was probably single-sided. Lyrophon sold its Chinese Northern music records through a foreign agent in Shanghai and Chinese Southern music records
through Behr & Co., in Singapore.

Odeon and Columbia have copies similar to Lyrophon in special style.

译文：

利乐（Lyrophon）也是一个灌制中文唱片的德国公司。和福瑞特（Favorite）唱片一样，由利乐出版的唱片如今已经非常罕见，本人所能找到的关于利乐早期中国灌音之行的资料寥寥无几—除了一份登在“留声机报道”"The Talking Machine News".的日期-1913年8月。这个新闻广告谈到利乐10吋双面唱片的外形十分有趣—不但两面的颜色有差异，（图1/2）而且片号也不连贯，因此我怀疑这是再版品，先前的版本有可能是单面的。利乐公司销售其唱片也有代理商：在中国上海主要通过一个洋行销售中国北方音乐唱片；（图2）【临淇按：即茂新洋行“SPUNT & ROSENFEID SOLD AGENTS FOR NORTH CHINA”，此洋行据说也曾代理过胜利者的唱片，译者未见实物】在新加坡是通过贝尔公司（Behr & Co.）销售中国南方音乐。（图3）

高亭和哥伦比亚也有和利乐相似风格的唱片发行。【临淇按：即上面提到的双面唱片两面的颜色有差异、片号不连贯之情形】

「王师注：有关利乐唱片的文章只见于临淇君翻译都晨先生的手记以及李锦琦先生的《清末中国唱片研究及收藏》一文：后者一带而过，都晨先生的文章似乎亦有意犹未尽的感觉。我所见到的利乐唱片有：时运奎《风云会》与冯志奎、夏月润的《大明府》合一张，小子和《六月雪》与王注山《宋江闹院》合一张，冯志奎《锁五龙》与毛仲琪《御碑亭》合一张，全班合奏《大开门》与《大赐福》合一张，三麻子《战长沙》与毕富成《采石矶》合一张，张云培《搜孤救孤》与邵寄舟《打金枝》合一张。以上唱片若从胡琴锣鼓伴奏可以听出是VICTOR公司的产品！也有专家认为是VICTOR公司将版权卖给利乐公司发行。我见到的VICTOR公司出版发行的唱片李春利《白水滩》42260A，其反面42260B就是冯志奎、夏月润的《大明府》，与利乐版是同一曲目也是同一录音！」

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Zonophone

"The Zon-o-phone Record", a book by Ernie Bayly and Michael Kinnear, mentions that Universal Talking Machine Manufacturing Co. made some Chinese records in late 1903 and early 1904 for issue as Zon-o-phone records. These Chinese records were never released by Zonophone, but the matrix numbers used on Victor Chinese records in the 7324- 8299, 9100-9234 and 10000-10350 series are from those Zonophone recording sessions and on some re-issues of records in these Victor series by Gramophone & Typewriter Co., Ltd., at least until 1909.

译文：

索诺风（Zonophone）

《The Zon-o-phone Record》这本书，作者是厄尼.贝利（Ernie Bayly）和迈克尔. 金尼尔（Michael Kinnear），曾提到过通用留声机公司（Universal Talking Machine Manufacturing Co.）于1903年末1904年初曾经为索诺风（Zonophone）唱片录制了一些中文唱片，但这批唱片没有以索诺风（Zonophone）的名义发行。不过至少到1909年，胜利者发行的中文唱片模板号7324—8299（图1），9100—9234和10000—10350系列就有来自于索诺风（Zonophone）的此批录音【临淇按：胜利者10000—10350系列唱片译者未见，或为自己不通文法翻译错误之故。又，杜先生曾在留声阁论坛里提到：对于“索诺风”（Zon-O-phone）与“胜利”之间模版号码的使用，也只是个人推测，无书面资料.（9100-9234）上的模板号，虽为个人判断，但相信是正确的】。克莱姆峰（Gramophone & Typewriter Co., Ltd.）发行的胜利者此系列再版片也有此类情况的。

Pathé

Beginning in 1908, Pathé began a massive schedule of recording in China through its office set up in Shanghai in 1907. Pathé's recordings covered almost all early Chinese famous Beijing and Cantonese Opera performances. The artists who made the recordings for Pathé served in Beijing and Cantonese operas' famous theatrical troupes by the end of the Qing Dynasty. Some of them served as teachers and performers in the Beijing Opera for the Imperial Palace during the Qing Dynasty. The records were 9.5", 11.5" and 14" in diameter, double-sided, vertical-cut with an etched-label . Pathé's etched-label has become very popular to many Chinese collectors.

译文：

百代

百代公司于1907年在上海建立办事处【临淇按：一说1906年】，从1908年开始进行了大量的灌音议程(图1)。百代公司的唱片几乎囊括了清末所有的早期京剧以及粤剧剧团的名角(图2)，甚至一些艺人还是清末宫廷的教习和供奉(图3)。这批唱片尺寸有9.5吋【临淇按：译者未见】、11.5吋【临淇按：一说12吋】和14吋的【临淇按：吴小如先生常以其所见之14吋百代手刻唱盘来说明白百代最早版本是14吋的，实则谬误。所谓14吋唱片，只是尺寸差距，并太无早晚之区别。王师曾说见到过专门播放14吋唱片的唱机，唱头可转换钢针、钻针】，均是钻针双面纵向解读蚀版唱片。如今百代手刻版唱片已经成为中国唱片收藏的宠儿。

百代蚀刻唱片片芯版本有不下十几种，今略举9种，以飨读者！

Canadian Berliner and Victor

Let's now talk about Canadian Chinese records, which is surely a new topic for most readers. As a new member of CAPS, I would like to take this opportunity to discuss with and learn from members who know early Chinese records, or who own copies of records or paperwork such as catalogues covering early Chinese records.

By observing and comparing two labels, we can draw some conclusions about early Canadian Chinese records. One is Victor Monarch 1773 , which was later renumbered 7184. It was recorded on November 17th, 1902, according to Ted Fagan and William R. Moran's book "The Encyclopedic Discography of Victor Recordings – Pre- Matrix Series". The other is Berliner 5417 , which I assume was pressed in 1904 after Berliner had concluded an agreement to be a distributor of American Victor records. The Chinese characters that form the titles of these two records are apparently identical to each other, including the size of the letters and the style of handwriting. From this I conclude that this Berliner Concert-Grand 5417 was pressed from American Victor's matrix of 1773. It is probably the earliest Chinese record pressed in Canada. The website of "The Virtual Gramophone – Canadian Historical Sound Recordings" has a photograph of a Berliner Gram-o-phone Company of Canada "Concert Record - 7173" label with Chinese characters, circa 1905. The title of this record was also covered in the early American Victor Chinese catalogue, so it seem to be another example of a reissued copy by Berliner Gram-o-phone Company of Canada of an American Victor matrix.

Mr. William R. Moran states in Antique Phonograph News Nov. – Dec. 1992 that "in 1924. …. The company was called 'Victor Talking Machine Company of Canada Ltd'.... Its products were Canadian-made, and did not originate in Camden, as did recordings made for the Chinese trade." Up to now, all Canadian-made Chinese records I have seen were reissued from American Victor matrices. For example, all Canadian-made copies of 42000 and 43000 series records with different colors and designs of label from "Berliner Gram-o-phone Co. Limited Montreal" and "Victor Talking Machine Co. of Canada Limited Montreal" are from American Victor matrices, and carry the same catalogue numbers. None of them was recorded in Canada. All the time I expect to see an original Canadian-recorded Chinese record but it seems I have to wait for this dream to be realized.

译文：

加拿大伯林纳与胜利者

现在让我们谈谈加拿大的中文题材唱片--这对于大多数读者来说真是个新课题。作为一名加拿大古董唱片社团（CAPS-Canadian Antique Phonograph Society）的新成员，我有幸能够和大家讨论交流学习。他们中有些人了解早期中文唱片的情况，也有的人收藏有唱片和文字资料（比如早期中国唱片目录）的实物。

通过观察对比两个片芯标签，我们可以推断一些关于早期加拿大中文题材唱片的信息：一种是胜利蒙纳克（VICTOR MONARCH），片号1773（图1），此种后来被重编为7184（图2）。如果按照Ted Fagan 和 William R . Moran 的著作《The Encyclopedic Discography of Victor Recordings – Pre- Matrix Series》，这面唱片灌制于1902年11月17日【临淇按：Yahoo-78label小组曾经对此系列唱片“1784打洞结拜”进行过大讨论，容另文翻译之】；另一种是片号为5417的伯林纳（Berliner）唱片（图3），我假定它印制于1904年，是在伯林纳（Berliner）达成协议作为美国胜利者唱片的批发商之后的事情。从片芯上的字体大小和手写风格来看，这两种唱片上的中文特征是相同的。从这一点我推断，这种伯林纳音乐唱片5417（Berliner Concert-Grand 5417）复制于美国胜利者的1773母版--这很可能是加拿大最早的中文题材唱片。网站“The Virtual Gramophone – Canadian Historical Sound Recordings”有一张图片，是加拿大伯林纳留声机公司（Berliner Gram-o-phone Company of Canada）约1905年的音乐唱片-7173“Concert Record – 7173”，片芯是中国演员（图4）。这张唱片的片芯题目也是早期美国胜利者中国目录其中之一，它可以作为另一种加拿大伯林纳留声机公司（Berliner Gram-o-phone Company of Canada）复制美国胜利者母版的标本样品。【临淇按：译者再提供两张图片（图5）（图6），亦可以隐约看出加拿大伯林纳公司与美胜利者之间的微妙关系】

Mr. William R. Moran先生在《1992年11月-12月份“古董唱机通讯”》（ Antique Phonograph News Nov. – Dec. 1992）里曾经说明：“1924年。。。有一家加拿大胜利者留声机有限公司（Victor Talking Machine Company of Canada Ltd），它的产品都是在加拿大制造，但是原音不是在当地灌制的，似乎都是面向中国贸易的”目前，我见到的所有加拿大版中国录音均是美国胜利者系列的翻版；举例来说，所有的加拿大版录音唱片（42000和43000系列，不同颜色和设计风格的片芯，有“Berliner Gram-o-phone Co. Limited Montreal”也有"Victor Talking Machine Co. of Canada Limited Montreal"）都是来源于美国胜利者系列，模板号都是一样的，这其中没有一个是在加拿大灌制的。我一直都在努力寻找加拿大本土灌制的中文唱片，均未果。

Other

Mr. Paul Charosh’s book, "Berliner Gramophone Records, American Issues, 1892-1900", says that 0402-Chinese Song No.11 and 0444- Chinese Song No.17 were made by Ching Ling Foo on Aug 2nd and Aug 10th, 1899. As a matter of fact, Ching Ling Foo was a very famous Chinese magician who went to the United States in 1898. It was said he was troubled with a stammer, so it’s very hard to imagine how he was able to record his songs.

Mr. Michael Kinnear’s book "The Gramophone Company’s Indian Recordings 1908 to 1910" says a 7" Chinese record carrying catalogue number 10500 was issued by Berliner (first use, without paper label). This seems to be a very accidental appearance, perhaps a private recording; it was not something like an official recording session of Chinese music.

"Vocal Recordings 1898 – 1925, Volume I, The Gramophone Company Limited (HMV), English Catalogue, by John R. Bennett" mentions a Chinese record with catalogue number 2422 recorded by Snazelle in June, 1900. A Berliner Chinese record with 15000 as its catalogue number was mentioned to be made in London, in February 1899. I think of all of these as accidental records.

译文：

其他

保罗. 凯洛许(Paul Charosh)先生的著作《1892-1900之间的伯林纳留声机唱片美国发行目录》("Berliner Gramophone Records, American Issues, 1892-1900")里提到“0402-Chinese Song No.11”和“0444- Chinese Song No.17 ”是由金林福（即“朱连魁”）（Ching Ling Foo）分别于1899年的8月2日和8月10日灌制的。事实上，金林福是一名非常著名的中国魔术师，于1898年来到美国。据说他有口吃的毛病，所以很难想象他怎么能够录制自己的曲子。

迈克尔. 金尼尔(Michael Kinnear)先生的著作《1908-1910之间留声机公司印度唱片目录》（Berliner Gramophone Records, American Issues, 1892-1900）曾经提到一种母版号为10500的7寸中文唱片被伯林纳公司出版(首版无纸签)。这看起来是一个非常偶然的现象，也可能是一个私人录音，没有迹象表明是一个中文音乐的官方录音。

John R. Bennett的著作《1898-1925之间的有声记录，卷1，留声机有限公司英国目录》（"Vocal Recordings 1898 – 1925, Volume I, The Gramophone Company Limited (HMV), English Catalogue"）曾涉及到一种中文唱片（模板号2422，由Snazelle灌制于1900年6月）。被提到的还有一种模板号为15000的伯林纳中文唱片，于1899年2月在伦敦灌制。不过我以为这些都是偶然现象。

蜡筒

(2008-09-17 11:06:27)

转载

原文：

All of the records mentioned above are Chinese disc records and all were pressed outside China, because at that early date China did not yet have a national recording industry. Before disc records became known to Chinese people, cylinders carrying Chinese songs were known to very few Chinese families. These cylinders were made by Pathé, Edison, private and unknown companies. Pathé's cylinders were recorded in Shanghai, at the turn of 1900, using blank cylinders. Some private cylinders from mainland China, Hong Kong, United States, Europe, etc. were boxed either hand-written in Chinese or briefly described in English or without any information .

Edison's cylinders were official commercial issues available to the market from early 1903. Forty-six records with 19 titles appeared in a red box . These were re-issued many times before 1908 in a common cream-colored box. In 1909, with the introduction of the Edison Amberol series, 249 Amberol records were available in a green box . "The wax cylinders of the Berliner Phonogram Archive" by Susanne Ziegler introduces many early Chinese cylinder records, some of them made by Mr. Berthold Laufer, a German-American, in Shanghai and Beijing during his expedition to China in 1901-1903. If Columbia made Chinese cylinders, it is still unclear.

译文：

以上提到的所有唱片都是在国外压制的中文圆盘唱片，因为早期中国国内没有国际化的制片工业，在圆盘唱片被国人认知之前，蜡筒就通过载录一些中文音乐而被极少的中国家庭熟知。

这些蜡筒的生产公司有百代、爱迪生，还有一些私人的或由不知名的公司生产的蜡筒。

百代蜡筒（图1）于二十世纪初在上海灌制，用的是黑色蜡筒；

还有一些来自于中国大陆、香港、美国、欧洲的私人蜡筒，外盒上有的是中文手写标签，有的是用英文简单标明，也有没有任何标示的（图2）。

爱迪生蜡筒于1903年早期进行商业注册准入市场的，19种曲目标题的46个录音（图3）出现在红外盒里（图4）。【临淇案：一说1902年，爱迪生的录音员Walter Miller灌制于旧金山】这些录音在1908年之前被多次再版统一为奶油色外盒。

1909年，由于爱迪生Amberol系列的推广，249种Amberol录音是绿色外盒（图5）。

Susanne Ziegler的著作《伯林纳留声机档案蜡筒篇》"The wax cylinders of the Berliner Phonogram Archive"介绍说起的许多早期中文蜡筒录音，其中一些都是由一个德裔美国人Berthold Laufer先生于1901-1903年在他的中国之行于上海或北京灌制的。

哥伦比亚是否制作过中文蜡筒还不清楚。